STENCILDENT

 ANTI-DIABETIC DRUG Diabetes mellitus: C hronic disorder characterised by hyperglycemia  and altered metabolism of carbohydrate,lipid,and protein. oral antidiabetic drug lowers blood glucose level CLASSIFICATION:                               ANTI- DIABETIC DRUG 1) ENHANCE INSULIN SECRETION: A)POTASSIUM ATP CHANNEL BLOCKER:      a1) Sulfonylurea :Gliclazide,Glipizide       a2)Phenylalanine analogue : Nateglinide B) DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE INHIBITOR 2) OVERCOME INSULIN RESISTANCE: a)Biguanide : Metformin b)Thiazolidinedione: Pioglitazone  3) MISCELLANEOUS DRUG: a) Alpha glucosidase inhibitor :Acarbose,Voglibose b) Amylin analogue : Pramlintide c) Dopamine agonist :Bromocriptine  INSULIN  Its used in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus  and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus Pharmacological action: 1) CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM: Reduces blood glucose level promote glycogenesis in muscle 2) PROTEIN METABOLISM :  Promote protein synthesis inhibit protein breakdown 3) DECREASE URA OUTPUT FRO

 CORTICOSTEROID: PHARMACOLOGY  Corticosteroid are hormone produced in the cortex of the adrenal gland. CLASSIFICATION: A)  GLUCOCORTICOID: Short acting glucocorticoid:   CORTISOL,HYDROCORTISONE Intermediate acting glucocorticoid: PREDNISOLONE,METHYLPREDNISOLONE Long acting glucocorticoid: BETAMETHASONE,DEXAMETHASONE B ) MINERALOCORTICOID: ALDOSTERONE FLUDROCORTISONE STRUCTURE AND SYNTHESIS: Corticosteroid have cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring  They are synthesized in the adrenal cortex from cholesterol under the influence of ACTH. Everyday about 10 to 20 mg of hydrocortisone maximum in the early morning and 0.125mg of aldosterone are secreted in response to stress.  MECHANISM OF ACTION :  Steroid hormone enter inside the cell of target organ Hormone bind to specific receptor inside the cytoplasm Activation of steroid  receptor complex  Steroid receptor complex enter inside the nucleus Complex bind to specific site on double stranded nucleic acid Protein synthesis  USES : Cortico