Beta lactam breakthroughs: From Penicillin to Superbugs

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                   BETA LACTUM ANTIBIOTICS

PENICILLIN

CATEGORY: Beta lactam antibiotics 

FOUND BY: Alexander flaming 

FOUND IN: Fungus penicillium notatum ,but commercially penicillium chrysogenum

PROTOTYPE: Benzyl penicillin

STRUCTURE: Beta lactam ,thiazolidine ring 


PROPERTIES: 

  • Highly water soluble
  • More stable in salt form
  • Stable in dry state
  • Thermolabile
  • Acid labile 







MECHANISM OF ACTION :

  • Bacterial action by inhibiting synthesis of cell wall
  • In peptidoglycan :glycan chain consist of altering amino sugar 
  • Penicillin-bind and inactivate penicillin binding protein
  • Inhibit transpeptidase 
  • Prevent peptidoglycan synthesis
  • Cell wall deficient form develop autolysis and there by causing cell death 




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