CEPHALOSPORIN MECHANISM OF ACTION ( PART-2)

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                 CEPHALOSPORIN

ANTIBACTERIAL SPECTRUM:

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA :

  • Streptococcus pyogens 
  • Viridan streptococci
  • Staphylococcus aureus 
  • Streptococcus pneumonia 

GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA:

  • E.coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Pneumonia
  • Proteus






MECHANISM OF ACTION :

IN GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA -

  • Cephalosporin penetrate peptidoglycan layer bind to penicillin binding protein blocking its activity there by causing damage to peptidoglycan synthesis 

IN GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA-

  • Enter through outer membrane bind to penicillin binding protein and damage peptidoglycan synthesis 

some may release beta lactamase that bind to cephalosporin which inhibit its function but clavulanic acid and cephalosporin  thereby binds the bacteria and thus enabling bacterial action 








SECOND GENERATION:

CEFUROXIME-

  • Resistant to gram negative beta lactamase
  • Active against -ampicillin resistant H.Influenza
  • Well tolerated in intramuscular action

THIRD GENERATION:

CEFTRIAXONE:

  • Long duration of action 
  • Absorption: cerebrospinal fluid is good 
  • Excretion: urine, bile
High efficacy :

  • Bacterial meningitis 
  • Typhoid fever
  • Septicemia
  • Abdominal sepsis 
  • Urinary tract infection 

ADVERSE EFFECTS :

  • Nephrotoxicity 
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Bleeding 
  • Hemolysis 
  • Allergic reaction








USES OF CEPHALOSPORIN:

  • Odontogenic infection
  • Bacterial endocarditis
  • Meningitis
  • Septicemia 





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